This Lead (Pb) is a long-lasting environmental pollutant that can accumulate in agricultural soils via industrial emissions, traffic deposition, wastewater irrigation, and Pb-laden fertilizers. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key food crop that is highly relevant to Pb toxicity studies owing to its significance in food security and human health. The current study examines Pb-induced changes in wheat cellular ultrastructure employing cutting-edge microscopy (TEM/SEM), fluorescence-based oxidative stress imaging, and biochemical markers of membrane integrity and antioxidant systems. Wheat seedlings were treated with varying concentrations of Pb and assessed for ultrastructural injury to chloroplasts, mitochondria, membranes, and nuclei, in addition to chlorophyll, lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage, and enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD). Pb treatment is anticipated to induce thylakoid membrane disorganization, plastoglobuli accumulation, mitochondrial swelling, nuclear changes, and ROS accumulation, in accordance with oxidative stress mechanisms. The holistic approach bridges Pb uptake and transport with cellular injury, offering evidence for environmental remediation and mitigation in wheat-based agroeco systems.

Saeid Khalifa Othman Saed, Abdulhakim Altahr Alaswad Alrabie, "The Impact of Lead (Pb) Pollution on Cellular Structure of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Ultrastructural and Biochemical Evidence" International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Educational Development, V2(1): Page(1420-1424) Jan-Feb 2026. ISSN: 3107-6513. www.ijamred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.