Volume 2 - Issue 3, May - June 2026

Technology advances in electric mobility have enabled the widespread adoption of Lithium-ion battery packs as the primary energy storage source for Electric Vehicles (EVs). However, modern deep-pack configurations impose critical engineering challenges regarding safety, efficiency, and degradation, primarily driven by cell imbalance and localized thermal stress. Traditional passive balancing methods mitigate cell voltage differences by dissipating excess energy as heat through resistors, contributing to thermal stress and system inefficiency. In this paper, we present the behavior and architecture of an Active Smart Balancing solution integrated with Predictive Thermal Monitoring. Unlike conventional top-balancing topologies, this active approach redistributes energy dynamically from higher-charged cells to lower-charged cells using capacitive or inductive switching circuits, minimizing static energy waste. Furthermore, real-time data logging is introduced to predict localized "Hot Spots" before they trigger catastrophic thermal runaway events. Implementation and technical analysis show that this integrated method enhances usable battery capacity by 10–15% and significantly extends the cycle life of the pack, offering a highly reliable energy management alternative for next-generation electric mobility.

Sahil Najir Shaikh,"Battery Management System (BMS) Function" International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Educational Development, V2(3): Page(621-624) May-June 2026. ISSN: 3107-6513. www.ijamred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.