This study aims at analyzing and comparing human resource development (HRD) policies and practices, employee efficiency and job satisfaction of employees in private and public banks in India. The banking sector is very human resource intensive and no HRD is not good enough when it comes to capability, efficiency, service quality and effectiveness of organisations. The study is of the comparative and descriptive research type and uses primary and secondary data. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 150 employees of Private and public sector banks and the secondary data was collected from available academic literatures and published studies. The study examines important HRD parameters such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation, career growth, employee participation and work support. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independentsamples t-tests to compare the perceptions of the employees in the two banking sectors. The results show that there is no significant difference between HRD policies and practices of public and private sector bank employees. Similarly, there is no significant difference observed between the efficiency of public and private sector bank employees, and also between the attitudes of public and private sector bank employees in job satisfaction. The mean scores for HRD policies and practices were 3.81 for Private Banks and 3.90 for Public banks and the mean scores for employee efficiency were 3.76 for Private banks and 3.93 for Public banks. Job satisfaction scores were also very similar at 3.80 for private banks and 3.85 for public banks. This study suggests that there are no substantial differences among these outcomes and employee ownership. It emphasizes the need of balanced and employee-oriented HRD systems which support the continuous development, performance, participation and satisfaction in the workplace. The study offers valuable findings for banking firms that are aiming to improve HRD policies and practices, as well as boost efficiency in their HR-related areas in a dynamic and competitive banking context. It also highlights the need to adjust HRD practices to emerging technology needs and the changing aspirations of employees in contemporary banking organizations today.

Mayuri Joshi, Dr. Harish Kumar Agrawal,"A Comparative Study on HRD Policies and Practices, Employee Efficiency and Performance Among Private and Public Sector Banks in India" International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Educational Development, V2(5): Page(257-269) September - October 2026. ISSN: 3107-6513. www.ijamred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.