In an international trading environment increasingly dependent on the speed, reliability, and predictability of supply chains, customs is no longer confined to the function of border control but is becoming a critical component of logistics data infrastructure. This paper examines the mechanisms through which digital customs affects logistics competitiveness, with a particular focus on Vietnam. A qualitative research approach is adopted, combining a synthesis and cross-examination of academic literature, policy analysis, descriptive statistics, and international comparisons. The findings indicate that the impact of digital customs does not derive simply from the electronification of procedures, but primarily from its capacity to reduce information frictions and uncertainty at the border. When data are standardized, interoperable, processed prior to the arrival of goods, and integrated with risk management, digital customs can shorten cargo release times, reduce compliance costs, and enhance the predictability and coordination of goods flows. In Vietnam, customs digitalization has made substantial progress; however, the measurement of its effectiveness should shift from the rate of procedural electronification toward tangible supply-chain outcomes. Accordingly, this study proposes treating digital customs as an integral component of national data infrastructure and evaluating its effectiveness through indicators encompassing time, stability, data reusability, risk management, and compliance costs.

Dang Dinh Kien,"Digital Customs and Vietnam’s Logistics Competitiveness: From Procedural Electronification to Data Infrastructure" International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Educational Development, V2(5): Page(573-584) September - October 2026. ISSN: 3107-6513. www.ijamred.com. Published by Scientific and Academic Research Publishing.